YOU WIN When in 1771 Nicolas Cugnot demonstrates his drivable behemoth named the fardier a wooden roughly four ton steam powered vehicle for transport ing canons his automobile hits a wall after just having traveled a short distance If Cugnot hadn t for gotten to install a brake he d have probably won at least the spectators respect However the problem of decelerating wheeled vehicles is much older It dates back to the days when horse drawn carts kept getting bigger and bigger and a simple whoa was no longer enough to get draft animals to stop Initially wooden clubs are jammed against the ground or against the wheels and the first iron rim brakes only start appearing around 1690 And even though Baron Drais von Sauerbronn as early as in 1817 installs a controllable friction brake in his invention the bicy cle and Bertha Benz during her famous 1888 drive of her husband s patent motorwagen has to have the brake shoes re lined with new leather in nearly every village on the way the history of the truly effective brake only begins at the end of the 19th century In 1895 Hugo Mayer from Rudolstadt Germany is awarded a patent for the first fluid brake but the world isn t ready yet for such a hydraulically actuat ed and thus highly effective decelerator Wilhelm May bach in 1899 invents the original form of the drum brake onto which the brake shoes are pushed from the inside against a drum The Briton Frederick W Lanchester in 1902 is awarded a patent for the first brake disc Howev er Louis Renault in 1903 decides to improve the drum system first although he s unable to prevent its crucial disadvantage When the brake is heavily used the drum heats up to several hundred degrees and expands As a result the brake linings no longer have proper contact and the brake isn t fully effective anymore Also in 1903 49 in motion

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