264 HYBRID AND ELECTRIC DRIVES 16 26516 HYBRID AND ELECTRIC DRIVESSchaeffler Symposium 2018 It is primarily with parallel structures that differ ent topologies come to bear with regard to the position at which the output of the electric drive is coupled to the powertrain P0 to P4 Figure 2 When other powertrain functions such as all wheel drive are considered along with the pure vehicle driving function then the question of ar chitecture involves the function level as well All hybrid functions including electric driving can be implemented using a P4 topology electric axle When combined with a combustion engine on the other axle however there is the possibility of all wheel drive If it is not acceptable for this all wheel function to be lost when the battery is empty then it will be necessary to combine the electric axle with a second electric drive which in this case can work as a generator Limited output when the bat tery is empty is conceivable in many applications resulting in the possibilities shown in Figure 3 An electric axle has additional functional advan tages If a high level of drive away torque and high final velocities are to be offered at the same time such as in an SUV then a shiftable two gear axle can be used Another option is the tar geted distribution of the torque onto the wheels thereby improving the driving dynamics consider ably torque vectoring Combining the degree of hybridization and the topology already results in a total of 16 options The complexity at the system level increases con siderably if the transmission versions serial and power split provided in a drive module are also considered Figure 4 Challenges In order to comply with the development goals with regard to function cost and time despite the high level of complexity and associated expense automobile manufacturers have to rely on suppli ers that have considerable system expertise going beyond their own scope of delivery At Schaeffler this system expertise involves all of the powertrain components mentioned combus tion engine transmission and electric transmis sion and factors in the numerous interactions in the mechanical electrical information technology related and thermally interconnected subsys tems The prerequisite for this is competence in incorporating and constantly optimizing simula tion tools and test results from test stands or ve hicle tests along the entire development chain A particular challenge for Schaeffler involves ad ding competence in electrical tractive drives to its already well developed powertrain expertise and the know how that it has built up over the course of decades in combustion engines and transmis sions Developing Competence in Electric Drives It is planned for the future product portfolio to offer electric axles hybrid modules wheel hub drives and even dedicated hybrid transmis sions The scope of services will include the en tire system i e even the electric machine the power electronics and the software The resul ting requirements for the electric machines and power electronics are therefore very different Figure 5 P2 P0 P1 P3 P4P5 P5 Belt driven starter generator BSG EM mounted on crankshaft ISG EM between C0 and launch clutch EM on transmission output EM powers separate axle E Wheel drive P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 2 Installation position of the electric drive in hybrid vehicles P4 P0 P4 P1 P4 P2 P4 P2 P4 2G Parallel Serial AWD E sa ili ng E AW D f ul l r an ge E AW D S U V E cr ee pi ng E AW D l im ite d Sa ili ng E dr iv in g Re cu pe ra tio n IC E co up le d B oo st Re cu pe ra tio n IC E de co up le d Electric axle P4 Parallel hybrid powertrain Dedicated hybrid powertrain Electric axle P0 P4 Electric axle P1 P4 Electric axle P2 P4 3 Functional scope of different P4 solutions Power Split Serial P4 P5 P3 P1 P2 P2 5 P0 12 V 48 V HV HV EV 12 V 48 V HV HV EV 2 5 kW 10 20 kW 20 50 kW 30 12 5 k W 40 30 0 k W DHT CVT DCT AT Mild Full EVPlug InMicro Hybrid 12 V Hybrid 48 V Hybrid HV Hybrid HV HV P4 P3 P2 5 P2 p1 P0 MT AMT 16 possible Variants Type 4 Combination of architecture topology and transmission options in a hybrid powertrain

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