Goal Taking scientists and their valuable instruments for astronomical observations to Tahiti exploring the ocean south of the 40th parallel and finding Terra Australis Australia Challenge Reaching uncharted territories with a relatively small vessel and mapping them Innovations Cook identifies foodstuffs with vitamin C as the best antidote against deadly scurvy From 1795 on citrus fruits are mandatory on all ships Special aspect Cook s Endeavour is a spacious bark 39 7 m 130 ft long 70 member crew Its flat bottom design makes it possible to beach the ship allowing it to be repaired at low tide JAMES COOK 1768 1771 Goal Voyages to Indian Persian and Arabian trade ports Challenge Expanding China s sphere of influence Innovations Construction of the world s largest fleet at the time From 1404 to 1407 the eunuch admiral Zheng He has more than 500 ships built in seven dry docks 500 years before the Europeans invent the dry dock The largest ships have up to nine masts and are 84 meters 276 ft long Special aspect To stay the course on his total of seven voyages Zheng He uses a magnetic compass His ships have watertight bulkheads that keep them afloat in case the hull is damaged ZHENG HE 1404 1407

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