For many years computer networks were of inter est only to scientists and the military Mainframes were located in hermetically sealed research centers effec tively protected against external access at least that s what everyone thought Then a seven year old boy came along and became the world s first hacker In 1957 Josef Carl Engressia a blind U S grade schooler blessed with absolute pitch whistled a tone of 2 600 hertz into the mouthpiece of his parents phone just for fun and to his amazement found out that the AT T operator cut off the connection due to his signal Engres sia had accidentally discovered that control codes in the American telephone network were exchanged via simple sound sequences Initially Engressia used his discovery merely to make free phone calls but soon he and many hackers aka phreakers in the context of telecommunica tions inspired by him learned how to gain control of oth er devices by means of sound When mailbox networks came up in the 1980s as forerunners of the internet phreakers would dial themselves into data networks by whistling and cover their tracks by making phone calls on lines other than their own Some of them experiment ed with electronic sound generators or used toy whistles that came with cereal boxes Even trained canaries were purportedly used 4 600 billion euros of damage worldwide Today sound hacking aka phreaking is possi ble only in few telephone networks anymore but along with the security standards of the networks the techni cal means available to hackers have grown as well In a survey conducted by the German digital association Bit kom 70 percent of the companies surveyed stated that they d been victims of data theft industrial espionage or sabotage in the past two years Another 19 percent of companies weren t sure hacking attacks are not al ways detectable after the fact Small and medium sized businesses SME in particular are frequent victims The business consultancy Accenture estimates that cyber attacks will cause worldwide damage to the incredible tune of 4 600 billion euros in the next five years We can make sure that we re a difficult target and that attackers quickly give up their intrusion attempt again Marc Votteler Vice President Global Technology Services at Schaeffler here and now 75

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