According to Moore s law every two years the number of transistors on a chip doubles which nearly equates to double computing power For decades this predic tion made in the early days of the computer age by In tel s founder Gordon E Moore proved to be right Up until now The circuits that have meanwhile shrunk to sizes in the nanometer range cannot become even small er because they produce too much heat that s no longer able to escape The solution instead of electrical charges scientists use magnetic waves so called spin waves to transport information which hardly generates any heat The challenge developing the so called sound chips to market readiness The prediction it will still take a few more years Facts figures oddities a panoramic view of the focus topic of this issue of tomorrow 360 CHALLENGE MICROCHIPS BEYOND THE PHYSICAL LIMITS INTEL 4004 Introduced in 1971 Size in mm2 12 Transistors 2 300 INTEL 80186 Introduced in 1982 Size in mm2 60 Transistors 55 000 PENTIUM PRO Introduced in 1995 Size in mm2 307 Transistors 5 500 000 GC2 IPU Introduced in 2018 Size in mm2 825 Transistors 23 600 000 000 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Number of transistors per computer chip over the course of four decades 9 8

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