that you couldn t do before The big data centers are not going to be the losers but will put quantum computers next to their existing computers We re going to see a very heterogeneous computer land scape in the data centers and we re going to dis tribute computing tasks precisely to the computing architecture that s ideally suited for them One of your research objectives is to harmonize quantum technology with conventional infor mation sciences and existing programming lan guages How do you teach something like that to existing software architectures that think in ze ros and ones and don t tolerate any intermediate states In fact the exciting question here is What am I go ing to do with existing codes In science and in busi ness we ve been using some codes for 40 years and keep developing them because they re stable and work incredibly well How can I manage to preserve our grown structure of simulation optimization methods and artificial intelligence In our startup Quantagonia we re building a Low Level Virtu al Machine or LLVW for short a virtual computer Schrödinger s computer Whereas current digital computers only com pute with the values of 0 and 1 quantum computers achieve what seems to be a par adox In addition to 0 and 1 their infor mational units the qubits can assume any intermediate states and even simultaneous ly The computers take advantage of the laws of Erwin Schrödinger s quantum mechanics using ions or electrons as qubits for instance When interleaving several qubits into a larg er unit and asking each qubit a subquestion of a complex overall task the quantum com puter will find the best possible combination of answers by taking all subquestions into account As a result a quantum computer in a search for new materials or medications can compare millions of molecular combinations within fractions of a second At this juncture quantum computers only have few qubits and are prone to computing errors and inter ferences but the development is progress ing rapidly error proneness toward more robust systems ideally operating at room temperature Once er ror proneness has ceased and I no longer have to cool quantum computers in large underground cen ters I expect to see devices that I can carry around with me such as a Qphone Every new technology affects existing ones Will quantum computing become a disruptive technol ogy and will the big data centers like those op erated by Google and Amazon soon no longer be needed Quite the opposite is the case We re going to see that the big providers of high performance com puting will be buying quantum computers putting them in their data centers and offering that com puting power to their customers Schaeffler for in stance uses Microsoft s Azure cloud computing platform In that cloud you can already access a diverse offering of quantum computing today Am azon does that in very similar ways with AWS so quantum computing will in fact become a disruptive technology because you can use it to address prob lems such as complex simulation at high speed Quantum computers like this one from IBM are still mammoth high tech systems 58

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